A comparison analysis of the decoupling carbon emissions from economic growth in three industries of Heilongjiang province in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Growing environmental pressure urges China to develop in a sustainable and low carbon way, and thus China strives to achieve a carbon peak by 2030 and...     

异龙湖沉水植物分布格局与水环境因子相关性研究

异龙湖为中国云南九大高原湖泊之一,是处于草型向藻型湖泊转化节点上的典型高原湖泊,因历史原因,异龙湖东西湖区水环境条件差异较大,可较好的代表云南高原草型及藻型湖泊类型,因此研究异龙湖的沉水植物时空分布与水环境因子关系,对于我国高原湖泊的保护具有重要意义,且自1980年以来异龙湖沉水植物相关研究成果较少,因此,本研究在异龙湖开展为期一周年的水环境因子及沉水植物调查,对沉水植物分布格局及其与水环境因子之间相互关系进行了研究,以期为异龙湖的沉水植物研究留下珍贵的历史资料,并探索异龙湖沉水植物分布格局及其影响因子,为沉水植物恢复提供数据及技术支撑.结果表明:东西湖区沉水植物的群落结构具有显著差异,西湖区小茨藻(Najas minor All.)、狸藻(Utricularia vulgaris L)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)等为优势种,东湖区篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus L)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticilla-tum L)为优势种,且西湖区沉水植物的生物量及物种丰度显著高于东湖区.通过相关性分析看出水深、透明度、溶解氧是影响异龙湖沉水植物分布的主要环境因子,总氮、总磷、氨氮及pH是次要影响因子,异龙湖在现状条件下恢复沉水植物应针对不同湖区恢复采用不同的恢复策略,选择不同的沉水植物种类开展恢复工作.     

The pollution halo effect of technology spillover and pollution haven effect of economic growth in agricultural foreign trade: two sides of the same coin?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The existing literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to investigate the spatial attribute of the “pollution halo” effect...     

吃饱和吃好语境对我国耕地保护的启示

人民日益增长的美好生活需要已然对粮食产出提出更高要求,综合辨析吃饱和吃好理念,运用理论分析、GM模型对耕地保护目标进行数理预判,为面向2035年美丽中国背景下耕地保护与粮食安全战略提供决策依据.结果表明:(1)在理论假设的完全理想状态下,仅解决吃饱需要的耕地数量为1.18亿hm2,实现全面吃好需要的耕地数量为1.43亿hm2,现有的耕地存量还难以满足该需求;兼顾"吃饱+吃好"双重情境下新时期耕地保有量区间为1.25×108～1.38×108hm2.(2)吃饱和吃好作为中国语境下粮食安全的核心问题,是对国民需求、社会发展、耕地资源形成的自组织系统在时空跃迁过程中的整体性把握.(3)从粮食质量需求视角,到2030年我国人口高峰年,耕地需求仍有不足风险.实施最严格的耕地保护制度仍是我国必须坚守的基本国策,确保耕地质量的"纯洁性"将成为耕地保护转型的重要方向.     

两种水生昆虫头宽与基于图像分析的大小参数关系性分析

对于水生昆虫及其它生物而言,大小是一个重要的功能性状,但是头宽的测量特别耗时和受人为因素影响.随着计算机技术的发展,基于图像分析技术(一种快速测量大小的策略)可获得传统方式难以获得的大小参数,明确这些大小参数与头宽的关系,对推动这些参数的应用具有重要意义.选择两种个体大小差异较大的蜉蝣(梧州蜉和光滑细蜉)作为研究对象,对其头宽与基于数字图像获得的面积,周长,最小矩形的长和宽,最适合椭圆的长轴和短轴和粒径等个体大小参数的相关性进行研究.数字图像采用改进后的描述仪扫描获取;图像分析基于ImageJ软件完成;基于二元直线回归和多元直线回归分析各参数之间的相关性.各种层次的回归分析结果均表明:基于图像分析获得的两种蜉蝣所有个体大小参数均与头宽大小呈极其显著的正相关性,其中面积的相关性最高.并且面积与其它大小参数相关性也极其显著,对个体大小具有较好的代表性.研究结果为推动数字图像分析技术应用在水生昆虫及其它生物的生物学和生态学研究中提供了技术支持和理论依据.     

Comparison on surface properties and desulfurization of MnO2 and pyrolusite blended activated carbon by steam activation

In this study, MnO₂ and pyrolusite were used as the catalysts to prepare modified activated carbon, that is, AC-Mn and AC-P, respectively, from coals by blending method and steam activation. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results indicated that the AC-P had higher surface areas and micropore volumes than the AC-Mn with the same blending ratio. The relative contents of basic functional groups (i.e., C = O, π-π*) on AC-P were slightly lower than those on AC-Mn, while both contained the same main metal species, namely, MnO. The desulfurization results showed that with 3 wt% of blending ratio, AC-Mn3 and AC-P3 had higher sulfur capacities at 220 and 205 mg/g, respectively, which were much higher than for the blank one (149.6 mg/g). Moreover, the AC-P had relatively higher sulfur capacity than the AC-Mn with the same contents of Mn, which might be attributed to the existence of other metals in pyrolusite. After the desulfurization process, MnO were gradually transferred into MnSO₄, and the relative contents of basic functional groups decreased evidently for both AC-Mn3 and AC-P3. The results demonstrated that pyrolusite could be one good alternative to MnO₂ to prepare modified activated carbon for desulfurization.

Implications: MnO₂ and pyrolusite were used as the additives to prepare modified activated carbon from coals by a blending method and by steam activation, that is, AC-Mn and AC-P, respectively. The AC-P had higher surface areas and micropore volumes than the AC-Mn with the same blending ratio. The AC-Mn and AC-P had higher sulfur capacities than a blank one. Moreover, the AC-P had relatively higher sulfur capacity than the AC-Mn with the same contents of Mn. The results demonstrated that pyrolusite could be one good alternative to MnO₂ to prepare modified activated carbon for desulfurizatio.     

Sustainable Use of Coffee Husks For Reinforcing Polyethylene Composites

The utilization of the coffee husk fiber (CHF) from the coffee industry as a reinforcing filler in the preparation of a cost-effective thermoplastic based composite was explored in this study. The chemical composition and thermal properties of the CHF were investigated and compared with those of wood fiber (WF). CHF proved to be mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and exhibited similar thermal behavior to WF. High density polyethylene (HDPE) composites with CHF loadings of from 40 to 70% were prepared using melt processing and extrusion. The processing properties, mechanical behavior, water absorption and thermal performance of these composites were investigated. The effect of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) used as a coupling agent on the composite was explored. The experimental results showed that increasing the CHF loading in the HDPE matrix resulted in an increase in the modulus and thermal properties of the composites, but resulted in poor water resistance. The addition of a 4% MAPE significantly improved the interfacial behavior of the hydrophilic lignocellulosic fiber and the hydrophobic polymer matrix.     

火力发电企业排污自行监测质量提升

针对目前火力发电企业排污自行监测过程中存在的质量管理体系不完善、手工监测能力不足、对外委监测机构监督环节薄弱等突出问题,从质量管理体系建设、质量控制机制建立、第三方检测机构选择及智能化手段应用四个方面提出火力发电企业排污自行监测质量提升改进建议,为自行监测数据结果的科学性、准确性提供可靠的质量保证。     

A comparative study of vocational education and occupational safety and health training in China and the UK

In order to enhance Chinese workers’ occupational safety awareness, it is essential to learn from developed countries’ experiences. This article investigates thoroughly occupational safety and health (OSH) in China and the UK; moreover, the article performs a comparison of Chinese and British OSH training-related laws, regulations and education system. The following conclusions are drawn: China’s work safety continues to improve, but there is still a large gap compared with the UK. In China a relatively complete vocational education and training (VET) system has been established. However, there exist some defects in OSH. In the UK, the employer will not only pay attention to employees’ physiological health, but also to their mental health. The UK’s VET is characterized by classification and grading management, which helps integrate OSH into the whole education system. China can learn from the UK in the development of policies, VET and OSH training.     

水环境指示生物筛选及水质评价方法研究

以齐齐哈尔市近30年地表水生物监测数据、理化监测数据为研究依据,提出一套基于指示生物的地表水体评价方法。该方法将地表水体划分为5个级别,并从中筛选出每个级别对应的指示生物,最终建立一套基于指示生物描述水体污染程度的评价体系。该方法以理化指标为基础,筛选多种优势种作为指示生物,对水体进行综合评价。相比单一生物监测评价指标,该评价方法更能反映整个生态系统状况,从而更客观地反映水体真实情况,有望为地表水体污染评价新方法的建立提供参考。